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Linda Martín Alcoff is Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies and Political Science, and is currently the Director of Women's Studies, at Syracuse University. She works primarily in continental philosophy, epistemology, feminist theory, Latino philosophy, and philosophy of race. Her books and anthologies include Feminist Epistemologies co-edited with Elizabeth Potter (Routledge, 1993), Thinking From the Underside of History co-edited with Eduardo Mendieta (Rowman & Littlefield, 2000), Epistemology: The Big Questions (Blackwell, 1998), Real Knowing: New Versions of the Coherence Theory of Knowledge (Cornell, 1996), Identities co-edited with Eduardo Mendieta (Blackwell, 2002), Singing in the Fire: Tales of Women in Philosophy (Rowman and Littlefield 2003), Visible Identities: Race, Gender and the Self (Oxford 2006), The Blackwell Guide to Feminist Philosophy co-edited with Eva Feder Kittay (Blackwell 2006), and Identity Politics Reconsidered co-edited with Michael Hames-Garcia, Satya Mohanty and Paula Moya (Palgrave, 2006). She has written over fifty articles concerning Foucault, sexual violence, the politics of epistemology, gender and race identity, and Latino issues. She is currently at work on an anthology with
Mariana Ortega on the topic of race and nationalism, and on two new books: a collection of feminist essays, and an account of political epistemology. She held an ACLS Fellowship for 1990-1991 and a Fellowship from the Society for
the Humanities at Cornell University for 1994-1995. In 1995 she was named
one of Syracuse University's first Meredith Professors for Teaching
Excellence. She has served on the Executive Committee and the Nominating
Committee of the American Philosophical Association, as Chair of the
Committee on Hispanics/Latinos for the APA, and as Co-Director of SPEP (the
Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy). She was named the
Distinguished Woman in Philosophy for 2005 by the Society for Women in
Philosophy, and in 2006 she was named one of the 100 Most Influential
Hispanics in the United States by Hispanic Business magazine.
Why I Do Philosophy I have loved almost every area of philosophy that I have ever studied and can imagine myself in doddering old age happily rereading the debates over the Ship of Theseus. But the issues that I felt I could perhaps make a contribution toward have not often been among the standard fare problems. I've been most concerned with the ways in which western epistemologies have contributed to the epistemic disauthorization of women and the majority of the non-European world, why sexual assaults traumatize the psyche, when progressive social activism has non-progressive effects, and how social identity yields differential access to knowledge. I believe my class, gender, and ethnic background instigated a critical attitude and generated a different set of baseline knowledge from which my philosophical ideas grew. I've never been seduced by analytic philosophy's pretensions toward absolute clarity or essentialist definitions, and I've never believed for a moment that either the genesis or the reception of ideas is independent of social identity or embodied experience. Despite how much I have loved philosophy, I have often felt an extreme alienation from most of it, and that my lifeworld is invisible to the world of public discourse and absent from the canonical tradition. But, still naive, I have felt this to be all the more reason to stay in the field, to try and communicate and justify my perceptions, and to critique the false universalism of philosophies which are almost always based on culturally limited intuitions. I have been interested in the ways in which philosophers come to a stalemate in their debates. Often it is said that "we simply have different intuitions," but our intuitions are the product of cognitive processes in which we are actively, not just passively, engaged. To the extent social identities such as gender and ethnicity are sometimes involved in these processes, we can bring their input to philosophical consciousness. This is part of the project of feminist epistemology. My scholarship has centered around two areas: epistemology and subjectivity. In epistemology I have been interested in how concepts of justification and truth might be fashioned to reflect the historical and social situatedness of knowledge. Knowing is primarily a social, not an individual, process, and therefore we need a normative theory of justification which can evaluate interactive and culturally influenced knowing practices. We also need a concept of truth that can accommodate historical change. In relation to subjectivity I have been interested in formulating concepts of the self that acknowledge it as fundamentally "gendered" and "raced." I reject the idea of a generic self that exists below a cultural or gendered overlay, and thus I believe we need new notions of the self that can accommodate its specificity, without justifying social inequality or entailing that different "selves" cannot communicate effectively with one another. I have also been interested in exploring the self-constituting effects of certain sorts of social practices and experiences, particularly sexual violence. These topics intersect with my epistemological interests insofar as the subject is a knowing subject, and here I have explored the relationship between one's epistemic credibility and one's specific subjectivity as, for example, a woman or as a survivor of sexual violence. Feminist epistemologies and some versions of the new social epistemologies aim toward a greater reflexivity about "actually existing" justifying practices, which operate in philosophy no less than on the street. Many social scientists propound the idea of outsiders having an epistemic privilege; those outside or marginal to a community do not share its assumptions and thus can imagine hypotheses invisible to insiders as well as sometimes notice leaps of logic that insiders find too intuitively compelling to question. Feminists and many persons of color operate in this way in philosophy, which does not confer unquestioned authority but has been a source of, precisely, new questions. I am quite happy to plow my field here at the margins, and completely unsurprised that the center cannot understand what we are doing. I do hold out hope, therefore, that we can forego our routine efforts to prove ourselves worthy of this profession, and seek instead for ways in which we can make the profession of philosophy worthy of us. |
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